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<Elementary> Lesson No.16

Reps & Indemnity Caps / 表明保証と補償上限

0.Greetings & Ice-break (2min.)|挨拶と導入

 

0-1 Greetings

Let’s practice a short small talk that you can use to greet a business partner and start building a good relationship.

講師との挨拶を兼ねて、ビジネスパートナーと信頼関係を築くための短いスモールトークを練習してみましょう。

[Tips / 会話のヒント]

・Can you hear me clearly? 

 私の声はクリアに聞こえますか?
・How's your day going so far?

 今日はどんな一日でしたか?
・Talk about one small topic (Work, Weather, News, Hometown, Sports event, etc.)

 軽い話題について話しましょう(仕事、天気、ニュース、地元、スポーツイベントなど)

0-2 Introduction​

In today’s lesson, we’ll learn about the following situation. Have you ever experienced something similar?

本日のレッスンでは以下のようなシチュエーションについて学びます。同様のシチュエーションを経験したことがありますか?​

​​

- If you have experience, please tell us what it was like, what was difficult, or what you learned.

   経験があれば、どんな内容だったか、難しかったことや学んだことなどを教えて下さい。 

- If you don’t have experience, try to imagine yourself handling that situation in English.

  What do you think would be challenging?

  経験がなければ、英語でその状況に対応しているところを想像してみましょう。どんなことが難しそうですか?

Situation / シチュエーション

You're negotiating representations, warranties and indemnity caps with foreign counsel.
あなたは海外弁護士と表明保証および補償の上限について交渉しています

1. Read (2 min)|型を学ぶ
Let's read the following key sentences aloud!
下記の文章や単語を順番に音読しましょう!

1-1 Basic phrases
1.Our proposal reflects...(当社の提案は...を反映しています)
2.This approach balances...(このアプローチは...のバランスを取ります)
3.We accept deductibles with...(...で控除額を受け入れます)
4.This protects both parties while...(これにより...しつつ双方を保護します)
5.Knowledge qualifiers apply only to...(認識限定条件は...のみに適用します)
6.This ensures proper disclosure without...(これにより...することなく適切な開示を確保します)
7.I will prepare a summary document...(...要約文書を準備します)

1-2 Essential words
1.rationale(根拠)
2.reflect(反映する)
3.approach(アプローチ)
4.balance(バランスを取る)
5.accept(受け入れる)
6.avoid(避ける)
7.apply(適用する)
8.ensure(確保する)
9.prepare(準備する)
10.reach(達する)
2. Try  (3 min)|ロールプレイ練習

Let’s practice the role-play.

ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You're negotiating representations, warranties and indemnity caps with foreign counsel.
あなたは海外弁護士と表明保証および補償の上限について交渉しています

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you for meeting today. I reviewed your proposal on representations and warranties. The tiered structure is interesting, but I need to discuss the scope with my client. Can you walk me through your rationale?
(本日はお時間をいただきありがとうございます。表明保証に関するご提案を確認しました。階層構造は興味深いですが、範囲についてクライアントと協議する必要があります。根拠を説明していただけますか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Certainly. Our proposal reflects risk allocation based on claim types. General representations carry 10 percent cap for 18 months, fundamental representations like title and authority carry 100 percent cap for 6 years, and tax or environmental representations carry 30 percent cap until statute of limitations. This approach balances protection with commercial reasonableness.
(承知しました。当社の提案は請求の種類に基づくリスク配分を反映しています。一般表明は10%上限で18ヶ月、タイトルや権限などの基本的表明は100%上限で6年、税務・環境に関する表明は30%上限で時効までです。このアプローチは保護と商業的合理性のバランスを取ります。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I understand the logic, but the caps seem excessive compared to market standard of 10 percent for 12 months. My client will likely request deductibles to limit exposure. What is your position on that?
(論理は理解しますが、12ヶ月で10%という市場標準と比べて上限が過度に見えます。クライアントはエクスポージャーを制限するため控除額を求める可能性が高いです。それについてのお立場は?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
We accept deductibles with conditions. Individual claims below 50000 USD are excluded. The seller bears initial losses until the basket reaches 500000 USD total, then claims are recoverable from the first dollar. However, fraud and fundamental representations have no deductibles. This protects both parties while avoiding minor disputes.
(条件付きで控除額を受け入れます。5万ドル未満の個別請求は対象外です。売り手はバスケットが総額50万ドルに達するまで初期損失を負担し、その後は1ドルから請求可能です。ただし詐欺と基本的表明には控除を設けません。これにより軽微な紛争を避けつつ双方を保護します。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
That structure is more reasonable. What about knowledge qualifiers? My client prefers broad application to limit liability. How do you plan to address disclosure accuracy?
(その構造はより合理的です。認識限定条件についてはいかがですか?クライアントは責任を制限するため広範な適用を好みます。開示の正確性にどう対処する予定ですか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Knowledge qualifiers apply only to operational representations. We define knowledge to include reasonable inquiry, impute knowledge to officers, and require bring-down certificates at closing. This ensures proper disclosure without undermining buyer protection. The framework maintains accountability while being fair to the seller.
(認識限定条件は運営表明のみに適用します。認識の定義には合理的な調査を含め、役員には擬制認識を課し、クロージング時にブリングダウン証明書を要求します。これにより買い手保護を損なうことなく適切な開示を確保します。この枠組みは売り手に公平でありながら説明責任を維持します。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I appreciate the detailed explanation. The framework seems workable, though I need to confirm with my client on the cap percentages and survival periods. Let me schedule a follow-up call next week to finalize the terms. Does that work for you?
(詳細な説明をありがとうございます。枠組みは実行可能に思えますが、上限の割合と存続期間についてクライアントに確認する必要があります。来週フォローアップの電話を設定して条件を確定させましょう。ご都合はいかがですか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
That works perfectly. I will prepare a summary document highlighting the key points we discussed today. Please feel free to reach out if you need clarification before our next call. I look forward to moving this forward.
(完璧です。本日協議した重要ポイントを強調した要約文書を準備します。次回の電話の前に説明が必要であればお気軽にご連絡ください。前進させることを楽しみにしています。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you. I believe we can reach agreement on this framework. I will get back to you with my client's feedback by the end of this week.
(ありがとうございます。この枠組みで合意に達することができると思います。今週末までにクライアントのフィードバックをお伝えします。)
3. Use  (4 min)|ロールプレイ & 実践(空欄補完)

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You're negotiating representations, warranties and indemnity caps with foreign counsel.
あなたは海外弁護士と表明保証および補償の上限について交渉しています

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you for meeting today. I reviewed your proposal on representations and warranties. The tiered structure is interesting, but I need to discuss the scope with my client. Can you walk me through your rationale?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Certainly. Our proposal [反映する] risk allocation based on claim types. General representations carry 10 percent cap for 18 months, fundamental representations like title and authority carry 100 percent cap for 6 years, and tax or environmental representations carry 30 percent cap until statute of limitations. This [アプローチ] [バランスを取る] protection with commercial reasonableness.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I understand the logic, but the caps seem excessive compared to market standard of 10 percent for 12 months. My client will likely request deductibles to limit exposure. What is your position on that?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
We [受け入れる] deductibles with conditions. Individual claims below 50000 USD are excluded. The seller bears initial losses until the basket [達する] 500000 USD total, then claims are recoverable from the first dollar. However, fraud and fundamental representations have no deductibles. This protects both parties while [避ける] minor disputes.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
That structure is more reasonable. What about knowledge qualifiers? My client prefers broad application to limit liability. How do you plan to address disclosure accuracy?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Knowledge qualifiers [適用する] only to operational representations. We define knowledge to include reasonable inquiry, impute knowledge to officers, and require bring-down certificates at closing. This [確保する] proper disclosure without undermining buyer protection. The framework maintains accountability while being fair to the seller.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I appreciate the detailed explanation. The framework seems workable, though I need to confirm with my client on the cap percentages and survival periods. Let me schedule a follow-up call next week to finalize the terms. Does that work for you?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
That works perfectly. I will [準備する] a summary document highlighting the key points we discussed today. Please feel free to [達する] out if you need clarification before our next call. I look forward to moving this forward.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you. I believe we can reach agreement on this framework. I will get back to you with my client's feedback by the end of this week.
4. Challenge (7 min)|応用実践

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

*Let's practice this part repeatedly until we can speak it smoothly.

  このパートはスムーズにスピーキングできるようになるまで繰り返し練習しましょう。

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You're negotiating representations, warranties and indemnity caps with foreign counsel.
あなたは海外弁護士と表明保証および補償の上限について交渉しています

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you for meeting today. I reviewed your proposal on representations and warranties. The tiered structure is interesting, but I need to discuss the scope with my client. Can you walk me through your rationale?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Certainly. [当社の提案は請求の種類に基づくリスク配分を反映しています。] General representations carry 10 percent cap for 18 months, fundamental representations like title and authority carry 100 percent cap for 6 years, and tax or environmental representations carry 30 percent cap until statute of limitations. [このアプローチは保護と商業的合理性のバランスを取ります。]

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I understand the logic, but the caps seem excessive compared to market standard of 10 percent for 12 months. My client will likely request deductibles to limit exposure. What is your position on that?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
[条件付きで控除額を受け入れます。] Individual claims below 50000 USD are excluded. The seller bears initial losses until the basket reaches 500000 USD total, then claims are recoverable from the first dollar. However, fraud and fundamental representations have no deductibles. [これにより軽微な紛争を避けつつ双方を保護します。]

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
That structure is more reasonable. What about knowledge qualifiers? My client prefers broad application to limit liability. How do you plan to address disclosure accuracy?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
Knowledge qualifiers apply only to operational representations. We define knowledge to include reasonable inquiry, impute knowledge to officers, and require bring-down certificates at closing. This ensures proper disclosure without undermining buyer protection. The framework maintains accountability while being fair to the seller.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I appreciate the detailed explanation. The framework seems workable, though I need to confirm with my client on the cap percentages and survival periods. Let me schedule a follow-up call next week to finalize the terms. Does that work for you?
🧑‍🎓【Student / Sales Manager】:
That works perfectly. [本日協議した重要ポイントを強調した要約文書を準備します。] Please feel free to reach out if you need clarification before our next call. I look forward to moving this forward.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
Thank you. I believe we can reach agreement on this framework. I will get back to you with my client's feedback by the end of this week.
\ If you have some extra capacity, give it a try(余力があればやってみましょう)/
5. Real-world application (5 min)|実務応用

Let's speak freely with the phrases and flow we learned today. If you can, imagine your real job—it makes practice more effective.
本日学習した単語やフレーズ、会話の流れを思い出しながら、自由に話してみましょう。可能であれば、自身の実務を想像しながら話すと効果的です。​

Situation / シチュエーション
You are negotiating representations and warranties terms with legal counsel for an acquisition.
The counsel questions your proposed tiered cap structure and requests deductibles to limit seller liability.
あなたは買収に関する表明保証条件を法律顧問と交渉しています。
顧問はあなたが提案した階層的上限構造に疑問を呈し、売り手の責任を制限するため控除額を要求しています。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Legal Counsel】:
I reviewed your proposal on the tiered cap structure. Can you explain how this framework protects both parties while remaining commercially reasonable?
(階層的上限構造に関するご提案を確認しました。この枠組みが商業的に合理的でありながらどのように双方を保護するか説明していただけますか?)

🧑‍🎓【Student / Your Role】:
(Free Speaking based on today's lesson)

Hints / ヒント
1.Explain the rationale for tiered caps(階層的上限の根拠を説明する)
2.Propose deductible conditions with thresholds(閾値付きの控除条件を提案する)
3.Address knowledge qualifier application(認識限定条件の適用に対処する)
4.Offer to prepare summary documentation(要約文書の準備を申し出る)
​※This is not a role-play. Please speak until you finish your thoughts.
 このパートはロールプレイ形式ではありません。最後まで通して話してみましょう。
6.  Wrap-up (2 min) |レッスンの振り返り

Let's review today's lesson with your teacher!
今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!

 

6-1 Comments from student

・Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ
・Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

 

6-2 Feedback from teacher

・Good points / 良かった点
・Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント
・What to review / 復習ポイント

 

*6-3 Questions from student (if any)

Japanese translation(日本語訳)

1. Read (2min)(型を学ぶ)|基本フレーズ

2. Try  (4min)(ロールプレイ練習)|型を使った練習
Let’s practice the role-play.
ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

3. Use  (7min)|応用
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

4. Challenge (7min)|実践
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

5. Wrap-up (3min) – レッスンの振り返り

"Let’s review today’s lesson with your teacher!”

「今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!」

5-1.  Comments from Student

  - Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ

  - Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

5-2.  Feedback from Teacher

  - Good points / 良かった点

  - Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント

  - What to review / 復習ポイント

5-3. Question from Students (If any)

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