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<Elementary> Lesson No.29

IPO pricing and underpricing / IPOの公募価格設定とアンダープライシングを議論

0.Greetings & Ice-break (2min.)|挨拶と導入

 

0-1 Greetings

Let’s practice a short small talk that you can use to greet a business partner and start building a good relationship.

講師との挨拶を兼ねて、ビジネスパートナーと信頼関係を築くための短いスモールトークを練習してみましょう。

[Tips / 会話のヒント]

・Can you hear me clearly? 

 私の声はクリアに聞こえますか?
・How's your day going so far?

 今日はどんな一日でしたか?
・Talk about one small topic (Work, Weather, News, Hometown, Sports event, etc.)

 軽い話題について話しましょう(仕事、天気、ニュース、地元、スポーツイベントなど)

0-2 Introduction​

In today’s lesson, we’ll learn about the following situation. Have you ever experienced something similar?

本日のレッスンでは以下のようなシチュエーションについて学びます。同様のシチュエーションを経験したことがありますか?​

​​

- If you have experience, please tell us what it was like, what was difficult, or what you learned.

   経験があれば、どんな内容だったか、難しかったことや学んだことなどを教えて下さい。 

- If you don’t have experience, try to imagine yourself handling that situation in English.

  What do you think would be challenging?

  経験がなければ、英語でその状況に対応しているところを想像してみましょう。どんなことが難しそうですか?

Situation / シチュエーション

You examine the mechanisms behind IPO pricing and explore why leaving money on the table is a persistent market phenomenon.
IPO価格設定のメカニズムを検証し、なぜ利益の取り逃しが持続的な市場現象であるかを探求する場面です。

1. Read (2 min)|型を学ぶ
Let's read the following key sentences aloud!
下記の文章や単語を順番に音読しましょう!

1-1 Basic phrases
1.The offer price is determined through...(公募価格は...を通じて決定される)
2.They collect price indications from...(...から価格の意向を収集する)
3.They set the final offer price based on...(...に基づいて最終的な公募価格を設定する)
4.Underpricing happens for several reasons...(アンダープライシングにはいくつかの理由がある)
5.Information asymmetry exists between...(...の間に情報の非対称性が存在する)
6.We explain that underpricing serves...(アンダープライシングは...に役立つと説明する)
7.This creates an incentive for them to...(これにより...するインセンティブが生まれる)

1-2 Essential words
1.determine(決定する)
2.demand(需要)
3.ensure(保証する)
4.reduce(減らす)
5.attract(引き付ける)
6.compensate(補償する)
7.generate(生み出す)
8.explain(説明する)
9.outweigh(上回る)
10.benefit(利益を得る)
2. Try  (3 min)|ロールプレイ練習

Let’s practice the role-play.

ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You examine the mechanisms behind IPO pricing and explore why leaving money on the table is a persistent market phenomenon.
IPO価格設定のメカニズムを検証し、なぜ利益の取り逃しが持続的な市場現象であるかを探求する場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Thank you for joining today's case discussion. Let's focus on the IPO pricing process and underpricing. Could you explain how the offer price is determined in an IPO?
(本日のケース討論にご参加いただきありがとうございます。IPOの価格設定プロセスとアンダープライシングに焦点を当てましょう。IPOにおいて公募価格はどのように決定されるのか説明していただけますか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
The offer price is determined through a book-building process. First, the underwriter conducts a roadshow to gauge investor demand. Second, they collect price indications from institutional investors. Third, they set the final offer price based on this feedback, usually at the lower end of the range to ensure successful placement.
(公募価格はブックビルディングプロセスを通じて決定されます。第一に、引受会社がロードショーを実施して投資家の需要を測ります。第二に、機関投資家から価格の意向を収集します。第三に、このフィードバックに基づいて最終的な公募価格を設定しますが、通常は確実な配分を保証するためにレンジの下限に設定されます。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
That makes sense. Now, why does the first-day trading price often exceed the offer price? What causes this underpricing?
(なるほど。では、なぜ初日の取引価格が公募価格を上回ることが多いのでしょうか?このアンダープライシングの原因は何ですか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Underpricing happens for several reasons. First, underwriters intentionally set a lower price to reduce placement risk and attract more investors. Second, information asymmetry exists between the company and investors, so a discount compensates for uncertainty. Third, underpricing generates positive media attention and creates momentum for future offerings.
(アンダープライシングにはいくつかの理由があります。第一に、引受会社は配分リスクを減らしより多くの投資家を引き付けるために意図的に低い価格を設定します。第二に、企業と投資家の間に情報の非対称性が存在するため、割引が不確実性を補償します。第三に、アンダープライシングは肯定的なメディアの注目を生み出し、将来の募集に向けた勢いを作ります。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
I see the logic, but doesn't underpricing mean the company leaves money on the table? How do you explain this to the issuing company?
(論理は理解できますが、アンダープライシングは企業が資金を取り逃がすことを意味しませんか?これを発行企業にどう説明しますか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes, the company does leave money on the table in the short term. However, we explain that underpricing serves strategic purposes. It ensures full subscription, builds a strong investor base, and creates favorable market conditions for future capital raising. The long-term benefits often outweigh the initial discount cost.
(はい、企業は短期的には資金を取り逃がします。しかし、アンダープライシングは戦略的な目的に役立つと説明します。完全な引受を保証し、強固な投資家基盤を構築し、将来の資金調達に有利な市場環境を作り出します。長期的な利益は初期の割引コストを上回ることが多いのです。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
What about the role of institutional investors in this process? Do they benefit more from underpricing than retail investors?
(このプロセスにおける機関投資家の役割についてはどうですか?機関投資家は個人投資家よりもアンダープライシングから多くの利益を得るのでしょうか?)
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Institutional investors typically receive larger allocations at the offer price, so they do benefit more from the first-day price increase. This creates an incentive for them to provide honest demand feedback during book-building. Retail investors usually get smaller allocations and may face higher transaction costs, which reduces their relative gains.
(機関投資家は通常、公募価格でより大きな配分を受けるため、初日の価格上昇からより多くの利益を得ます。これにより、ブックビルディング中に正直な需要フィードバックを提供するインセンティブが生まれます。個人投資家は通常、より小さな配分を受け、より高い取引コストに直面する可能性があり、相対的な利益が減少します。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Excellent analysis. You've clearly explained both the pricing mechanism and the economic rationale behind underpricing. This understanding is essential for advising IPO clients effectively.
(素晴らしい分析です。価格設定メカニズムとアンダープライシングの背後にある経済的根拠の両方を明確に説明されました。この理解はIPOクライアントに効果的に助言するために不可欠です。)
3. Use  (4 min)|ロールプレイ & 実践(空欄補完)

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You examine the mechanisms behind IPO pricing and explore why leaving money on the table is a persistent market phenomenon.
IPO価格設定のメカニズムを検証し、なぜ利益の取り逃しが持続的な市場現象であるかを探求する場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Thank you for joining today's case discussion. Let's focus on the IPO pricing process and underpricing. Could you explain how the offer price is determined in an IPO?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
The offer price is [決定される] through a book-building process. First, the underwriter conducts a roadshow to gauge investor [需要]. Second, they collect price indications from institutional investors. Third, they set the final offer price based on this feedback, usually at the lower end of the range to [保証する] successful placement.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
That makes sense. Now, why does the first-day trading price often exceed the offer price? What causes this underpricing?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Underpricing happens for several reasons. First, underwriters intentionally set a lower price to [減らす] placement risk and [引き付ける] more investors. Second, information asymmetry exists between the company and investors, so a discount [補償する] for uncertainty. Third, underpricing [生み出す] positive media attention and creates momentum for future offerings.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
I see the logic, but doesn't underpricing mean the company leaves money on the table? How do you explain this to the issuing company?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes, the company does leave money on the table in the short term. However, we [説明する] that underpricing serves strategic purposes. It ensures full subscription, builds a strong investor base, and creates favorable market conditions for future capital raising. The long-term benefits often [上回る] the initial discount cost.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
What about the role of institutional investors in this process? Do they benefit more from underpricing than retail investors?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Institutional investors typically receive larger allocations at the offer price, so they do [利益を得る] more from the first-day price increase. This creates an incentive for them to provide honest [需要] feedback during book-building. Retail investors usually get smaller allocations and may face higher transaction costs, which [減らす] their relative gains.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Excellent analysis. You've clearly explained both the pricing mechanism and the economic rationale behind underpricing. This understanding is essential for advising IPO clients effectively.
4. Challenge (7 min)|応用実践

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

*Let's practice this part repeatedly until we can speak it smoothly.

  このパートはスムーズにスピーキングできるようになるまで繰り返し練習しましょう。

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

You examine the mechanisms behind IPO pricing and explore why leaving money on the table is a persistent market phenomenon.
IPO価格設定のメカニズムを検証し、なぜ利益の取り逃しが持続的な市場現象であるかを探求する場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Thank you for joining today's case discussion. Let's focus on the IPO pricing process and underpricing. Could you explain how the offer price is determined in an IPO?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
[公募価格はブックビルディングプロセスを通じて決定されます。] First, the underwriter conducts a roadshow to gauge investor demand. [第二に、機関投資家から価格の意向を収集します。] [第三に、このフィードバックに基づいて最終的な公募価格を設定しますが、通常は確実な配分を保証するためにレンジの下限に設定されます。]

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
That makes sense. Now, why does the first-day trading price often exceed the offer price? What causes this underpricing?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
[アンダープライシングにはいくつかの理由があります。] First, underwriters intentionally set a lower price to reduce placement risk and attract more investors. Second, information asymmetry exists between the company and investors, so a discount compensates for uncertainty. Third, underpricing generates positive media attention and creates momentum for future offerings.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
I see the logic, but doesn't underpricing mean the company leaves money on the table? How do you explain this to the issuing company?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes, the company does leave money on the table in the short term. However, we explain that underpricing serves strategic purposes. It ensures full subscription, builds a strong investor base, and creates favorable market conditions for future capital raising. The long-term benefits often outweigh the initial discount cost.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
What about the role of institutional investors in this process? Do they benefit more from underpricing than retail investors?
🧑‍🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Institutional investors typically receive larger allocations at the offer price, so they do benefit more from the first-day price increase. This creates an incentive for them to provide honest demand feedback during book-building. Retail investors usually get smaller allocations and may face higher transaction costs, which reduces their relative gains.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Excellent analysis. You've clearly explained both the pricing mechanism and the economic rationale behind underpricing. This understanding is essential for advising IPO clients effectively.
\ If you have some extra capacity, give it a try(余力があればやってみましょう)/
5. Real-world application (5 min)|実務応用

Let's speak freely with the phrases and flow we learned today. If you can, imagine your real job—it makes practice more effective.
本日学習した単語やフレーズ、会話の流れを思い出しながら、自由に話してみましょう。可能であれば、自身の実務を想像しながら話すと効果的です。​

Situation / シチュエーション
You are an MBA student presenting an IPO case analysis to an investment banker.
The banker asks you to explain the offer price determination process and underpricing phenomenon.
あなたはMBA学生として投資銀行家にIPOケース分析を発表しています。
銀行家は公募価格決定プロセスとアンダープライシング現象の説明を求めています。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Investment Banker】:
Please walk me through the IPO pricing mechanism and explain why underpricing occurs. How would you justify this to an issuing company?
(IPOの価格設定メカニズムを説明し、なぜアンダープライシングが起こるのか説明してください。これを発行企業にどう正当化しますか?)

🧑‍🎓【Student / Your Role】:
(Free Speaking based on today's lesson)

Hints / ヒント
1.Explain the book-building process(ブックビルディングプロセスを説明する)
2.Describe reasons for underpricing(アンダープライシングの理由を述べる)
3.Clarify strategic benefits(戦略的利益を明確にする)
4.Discuss investor allocation differences(投資家配分の違いを論じる)
​※This is not a role-play. Please speak until you finish your thoughts.
 このパートはロールプレイ形式ではありません。最後まで通して話してみましょう。
6.  Wrap-up (2 min) |レッスンの振り返り

Let's review today's lesson with your teacher!
今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!

 

6-1 Comments from student

・Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ
・Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

 

6-2 Feedback from teacher

・Good points / 良かった点
・Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント
・What to review / 復習ポイント

 

*6-3 Questions from student (if any)

Japanese translation(日本語訳)

1. Read (2min)(型を学ぶ)|基本フレーズ

2. Try  (4min)(ロールプレイ練習)|型を使った練習
Let’s practice the role-play.
ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

3. Use  (7min)|応用
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

4. Challenge (7min)|実践
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

5. Wrap-up (3min) – レッスンの振り返り

"Let’s review today’s lesson with your teacher!”

「今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!」

5-1.  Comments from Student

  - Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ

  - Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

5-2.  Feedback from Teacher

  - Good points / 良かった点

  - Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント

  - What to review / 復習ポイント

5-3. Question from Students (If any)

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