<Upper-Intermediate> Lesson No.19
Identifying biases in a case / 行動ファイナンスのバイアスをケースで振り返る
0.Greetings & Ice-break (2min.)|挨拶と導入
0-1 Greetings
Let’s practice a short small talk that you can use to greet a business partner and start building a good relationship.
講師との挨拶を兼ねて、ビジネスパートナーと信頼関係を築くための短いスモールトークを練習してみましょう。
[Tips / 会話のヒント]
・Can you hear me clearly?
私の声はクリアに聞こえますか?
・How's your day going so far?
今日はどんな一日でしたか?
・Talk about one small topic (Work, Weather, News, Hometown, Sports event, etc.)
軽い話題について話しましょう(仕事、天気、ニュース、地元、スポーツイベントなど)
0-2 Introduction
In today’s lesson, we’ll learn about the following situation. Have you ever experienced something similar?
本日のレッスンでは以下のようなシチュエーションについて学びます。同様のシチュエーションを経験したことがありますか?
- If you have experience, please tell us what it was like, what was difficult, or what you learned.
経験があれば、どんな内容だったか、難しかったことや学んだことなどを教えて下さい。
- If you don’t have experience, try to imagine yourself handling that situation in English.
What do you think would be challenging?
経験がなければ、英語でその状況に対応しているところを想像してみましょう。どんなことが難しそうですか?
Situation / シチュエーション
You diagnose psychological factors that led executives to make suboptimal financial choices despite having good data available.
良質なデータがあったにもかかわらず、経営陣が最適でない財務選択をした心理的要因を診断する場面です。
1. Read (2 min)|型を学ぶ
Let's read the following key sentences aloud!
下記の文章や単語を順番に音読しましょう!
1-1 Basic phrases
1.I believe loss aversion had...(損失回避が...を持っていたと考える)
2.They could have set clear milestones...(明確なマイルストーンを設定できたはずだ)
3.At each milestone, they should have reviewed...(各マイルストーンで...を検討すべきだった)
4.This would have helped them make...(これは彼らが...するのに役立ったであろう)
5.I would recommend using...(...を使用することを推奨する)
6.This approach helps them consider...(このアプローチは彼らが...を検討するのに役立つ)
7.It also encourages the team to challenge...(これはまたチームが...に異議を唱えることを促す)
1-2 Essential words
1.identify(特定する)
2.overestimate(過大評価する)
3.avoid(避ける)
4.impact(影響)
5.accept(受け入れる)
6.prevent(妨げる)
7.objectively(客観的に)
8.attachment(執着)
9.recommend(推奨する)
10.challenge(異議を唱える)
2. Try (3 min)|ロールプレイ練習
Let’s practice the role-play.
ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!
Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)
You diagnose psychological factors that led executives to make suboptimal financial choices despite having good data available.
良質なデータがあったにもかかわらず、経営陣が最適でない財務選択をした心理的要因を診断する場面です。
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good morning. I'd like to discuss the case study we reviewed yesterday. Can you identify which cognitive biases affected the management's investment decision?
(おはようございます。昨日検討したケーススタディについて話し合いたいと思います。経営陣の投資判断にどの認知バイアスが影響したか特定できますか?)
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes. First, overconfidence bias led them to overestimate the project's success rate. Second, loss aversion made them continue the failing investment to avoid admitting the loss. Third, anchoring bias caused them to focus too much on the initial positive forecast.
(はい。第一に、過信バイアスがプロジェクトの成功率を過大評価させました。第二に、損失回避が損失を認めることを避けるために失敗している投資を続けさせました。第三に、アンカリングバイアスが当初の肯定的な予測に過度に焦点を当てさせました。)
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good analysis. Which bias do you think had the strongest impact on their decision to keep investing despite clear warning signs?
(良い分析ですね。明確な警告サインがあったにもかかわらず投資を続ける決定に最も強い影響を与えたバイアスはどれだと思いますか?)
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
I believe loss aversion had the strongest impact. The management already invested 50 million USD and could not accept the idea of losing that amount. This emotional attachment prevented them from making a rational decision to stop the project.
(損失回避が最も強い影響を与えたと考えます。経営陣はすでに50百万米ドルを投資しており、その金額を失うという考えを受け入れられませんでした。この感情的な執着が、プロジェクトを停止するという合理的な決定を妨げました。)
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That makes sense. How could the management have avoided these biases in the decision-making process?
(それは理にかなっていますね。経営陣は意思決定プロセスでこれらのバイアスをどのように避けることができたでしょうか?)
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
They could have set clear milestones and decision points before starting the project. At each milestone, they should have reviewed the progress objectively with external advisors who had no emotional attachment to the investment. This would have helped them make rational decisions based on current data rather than past commitments.
(プロジェクトを開始する前に明確なマイルストーンと意思決定ポイントを設定できたはずです。各マイルストーンで、投資に感情的な執着のない外部アドバイザーと客観的に進捗を検討すべきでした。これにより、過去のコミットメントではなく現在のデータに基づいて合理的な決定を下すことができたでしょう。)
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Excellent point about external advisors. What specific framework or tool would you recommend to reduce anchoring bias in future investment decisions?
(外部アドバイザーについての優れた指摘ですね。将来の投資決定でアンカリングバイアスを減らすために、どのような具体的なフレームワークやツールを推奨しますか?)
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
I would recommend using a pre-mortem analysis. Before approving the investment, the team should imagine the project has already failed and work backward to identify potential causes. This approach helps them consider multiple scenarios instead of focusing only on the initial optimistic forecast. It also encourages the team to challenge their assumptions early in the process.
(プレモーテム分析の使用を推奨します。投資を承認する前に、チームはプロジェクトがすでに失敗したと想像し、潜在的な原因を特定するために逆算して作業すべきです。このアプローチは、当初の楽観的な予測のみに焦点を当てる代わりに、複数のシナリオを検討するのに役立ちます。また、プロセスの早い段階でチームが自分たちの仮定に異議を唱えることを促します。)
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That's a very practical solution. The pre-mortem approach is indeed effective for identifying blind spots. Thank you for your thoughtful analysis today.
(それは非常に実用的な解決策ですね。プレモーテムアプローチは確かに盲点を特定するのに効果的です。本日は思慮深い分析をありがとうございました。)
3. Use (4 min)|ロールプレイ & 実践(空欄補完)
Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!
Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)
You diagnose psychological factors that led executives to make suboptimal financial choices despite having good data available.
良質なデータがあったにもかかわらず、経営陣が最適でない財務選択をした心理的要因を診断する場面です。
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good morning. I'd like to discuss the case study we reviewed yesterday. Can you identify which cognitive biases affected the management's investment decision?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes. First, overconfidence bias led them to [過大評価する] the project's success rate. Second, loss aversion made them continue the failing investment to [避ける] admitting the loss. Third, anchoring bias caused them to focus too much on the initial positive forecast.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good analysis. Which bias do you think had the strongest impact on their decision to keep investing despite clear warning signs?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
I believe loss aversion had the strongest [影響]. The management already invested 50 million USD and could not [受け入れる] the idea of losing that amount. This emotional [執着] [妨げる]d them from making a rational decision to stop the project.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That makes sense. How could the management have avoided these biases in the decision-making process?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
They could have set clear milestones and decision points before starting the project. At each milestone, they should have reviewed the progress [客観的に] with external advisors who had no emotional [執着] to the investment. This would have helped them make rational decisions based on current data rather than past commitments.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Excellent point about external advisors. What specific framework or tool would you recommend to reduce anchoring bias in future investment decisions?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
I would [推奨する] using a pre-mortem analysis. Before approving the investment, the team should imagine the project has already failed and work backward to [特定する] potential causes. This approach helps them consider multiple scenarios instead of focusing only on the initial optimistic forecast. It also encourages the team to [異議を唱える] their assumptions early in the process.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That's a very practical solution. The pre-mortem approach is indeed effective for identifying blind spots. Thank you for your thoughtful analysis today.
4. Challenge (7 min)|応用実践
Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!
*Let's practice this part repeatedly until we can speak it smoothly.
このパートはスムーズにスピーキングできるようになるまで繰り返し練習しましょう。
Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)
You diagnose psychological factors that led executives to make suboptimal financial choices despite having good data available.
良質なデータがあったにもかかわらず、経営陣が最適でない財務選択をした心理的要因を診断する場面です。
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good morning. I'd like to discuss the case study we reviewed yesterday. Can you identify which cognitive biases affected the management's investment decision?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
Yes. First, overconfidence bias led them to overestimate the project's success rate. Second, loss aversion made them continue the failing investment to avoid admitting the loss. Third, anchoring bias caused them to focus too much on the initial positive forecast.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Good analysis. Which bias do you think had the strongest impact on their decision to keep investing despite clear warning signs?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
[損失回避が最も強い影響を与えたと考えます。] The management already invested 50 million USD and could not accept the idea of losing that amount. This emotional attachment prevented them from making a rational decision to stop the project.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That makes sense. How could the management have avoided these biases in the decision-making process?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
[プロジェクトを開始する前に明確なマイルストーンと意思決定ポイントを設定できたはずです。] [各マイルストーンで、投資に感情的な執着のない外部アドバイザーと客観的に進捗を検討すべきでした。] [これにより、過去のコミットメントではなく現在のデータに基づいて合理的な決定を下すことができたでしょう。]
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Excellent point about external advisors. What specific framework or tool would you recommend to reduce anchoring bias in future investment decisions?
🧑🎓【Student / MBA Student】:
I would recommend using a pre-mortem analysis. Before approving the investment, the team should imagine the project has already failed and work backward to identify potential causes. This approach helps them consider multiple scenarios instead of focusing only on the initial optimistic forecast. It also encourages the team to challenge their assumptions early in the process.
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
That's a very practical solution. The pre-mortem approach is indeed effective for identifying blind spots. Thank you for your thoughtful analysis today.
\ If you have some extra capacity, give it a try(余力があればやってみましょう)/
5. Real-world application (5 min)|実務応用
Let's speak freely with the phrases and flow we learned today. If you can, imagine your real job—it makes practice more effective.
本日学習した単語やフレーズ、会話の流れを思い出しながら、自由に話してみましょう。可能であれば、自身の実務を想像しながら話すと効果的です。
Situation / シチュエーション
You are discussing a case study about management's investment decision affected by cognitive biases.
Your professor asks you to identify which biases influenced the decision and explain how to avoid them.
あなたは認知バイアスに影響された経営陣の投資判断に関するケーススタディについて話し合っています。
教授はどのバイアスが決定に影響したかを特定し、それらを避ける方法を説明するよう求めています。
👨💼【Teacher / Professor】:
Can you explain which cognitive biases affected the management's decision and suggest practical ways to avoid them in future investment decisions?
(経営陣の決定にどの認知バイアスが影響したかを説明し、将来の投資決定でそれらを避けるための実用的な方法を提案できますか?)
🧑🎓【Student / Your Role】:
(Free Speaking based on today's lesson)
Hints / ヒント
1. Identify the main biases
2. Explain the strongest impact
3. Suggest prevention methods
4. Recommend a specific framework
※This is not a role-play. Please speak until you finish your thoughts.
このパートはロールプレイ形式ではありません。最後まで通して話してみましょう。
6. Wrap-up (2 min) |レッスンの振り返り
Let's review today's lesson with your teacher!
今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!
6-1 Comments from student
・Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ
・Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ
6-2 Feedback from teacher
・Good points / 良かった点
・Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント
・What to review / 復習ポイント
*6-3 Questions from student (if any)
Japanese translation(日本語訳)
1. Read (2min)(型を学ぶ)|基本フレーズ
2. Try (4min)(ロールプレイ練習)|型を使った練習
Let’s practice the role-play.
ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!
3. Use (7min)|応用
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!
4. Challenge (7min)|実践
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!
5. Wrap-up (3min) – レッスンの振り返り
"Let’s review today’s lesson with your teacher!”
「今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!」
5-1. Comments from Student
- Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ
- Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ
5-2. Feedback from Teacher
- Good points / 良かった点
- Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント
- What to review / 復習ポイント
5-3. Question from Students (If any)
