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<Upper-Intermediate> Lesson No.9

Negotiating loan covenants with a bank / 銀行との財務制限条項(コベナンツ)交渉ロールプレイ

0.Greetings & Ice-break (2min.)|挨拶と導入

 

0-1 Greetings

Let’s practice a short small talk that you can use to greet a business partner and start building a good relationship.

講師との挨拶を兼ねて、ビジネスパートナーと信頼関係を築くための短いスモールトークを練習してみましょう。

[Tips / 会話のヒント]

・Can you hear me clearly? 

 私の声はクリアに聞こえますか?
・How's your day going so far?

 今日はどんな一日でしたか?
・Talk about one small topic (Work, Weather, News, Hometown, Sports event, etc.)

 軽い話題について話しましょう(仕事、天気、ニュース、地元、スポーツイベントなど)

0-2 Introduction​

In today’s lesson, we’ll learn about the following situation. Have you ever experienced something similar?

本日のレッスンでは以下のようなシチュエーションについて学びます。同様のシチュエーションを経験したことがありますか?​

​​

- If you have experience, please tell us what it was like, what was difficult, or what you learned.

   経験があれば、どんな内容だったか、難しかったことや学んだことなどを教えて下さい。 

- If you don’t have experience, try to imagine yourself handling that situation in English.

  What do you think would be challenging?

  経験がなければ、英語でその状況に対応しているところを想像してみましょう。どんなことが難しそうですか?

Situation / シチュエーション

Playing the CFO role, you negotiate with bank representatives to modify restrictive financial covenant terms in your loan agreement.
CFO役として、銀行担当者とローン契約の制限的な財務条項を修正するための交渉を行う場面です。

1. Read (2 min)|型を学ぶ
Let's read the following key sentences aloud!
下記の文章や単語を順番に音読しましょう!

1-1 Basic phrases
1.I'd like to request...(...を要請したい)
2.Let me explain our proposal in...(...で提案を説明させてください)
3.We request increasing...(...の引き上げを要請する)
4.We propose reducing...(...の引き下げを提案する)
5.We commit to...(...を約束する)
6.We are highly confident...(...を非常に確信している)
7.I understand the need for...(...の必要性を理解している)

1-2 Essential words
1.discuss(話し合う)
2.request(要請する)
3.explain(説明する)
4.improve(改善する)
5.reduce(削減する)
6.confident(確信している)
7.accept(受け入れる)
8.prepare(準備する)
9.support(裏付ける)
10.detailed(詳細な)
2. Try  (3 min)|ロールプレイ練習

Let’s practice the role-play.

ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

Playing the CFO role, you negotiate with bank representatives to modify restrictive financial covenant terms in your loan agreement.
CFO役として、銀行担当者とローン契約の制限的な財務条項を修正するための交渉を行う場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Thank you for meeting with me today. I need to discuss your company's recent financial performance and the covenant compliance under your current credit facility.
(本日はお時間をいただきありがとうございます。貴社の最近の財務実績と、現在の融資枠におけるコベナンツ遵守について話し合う必要があります。)
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I appreciate your concern. Our leverage ratio increased to 4.2 times due to the acquisition we completed last quarter, and our DSCR dropped to 1.15. I'd like to request a temporary waiver and discuss covenant relief options.
(ご懸念いただきありがとうございます。前四半期に完了した買収により、レバレッジ比率が4.2倍に上昇し、DSCRが1.15に低下しました。一時的な免除を要請し、コベナンツ緩和の選択肢について話し合いたいと思います。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
I understand the acquisition impact, but 4.2 times leverage exceeds our 3.5 times threshold significantly. What specific relief are you proposing, and what timeline do you expect for improvement?
(買収の影響は理解していますが、4.2倍のレバレッジは当行の3.5倍の基準を大幅に超えています。具体的にどのような緩和を提案されますか、また改善の見込み時期はいつでしょうか。)
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
Let me explain our proposal in three parts. First, we request increasing the leverage covenant to 4.5 times for 12 months. Second, we propose reducing the DSCR requirement from 1.25 to 1.10 during the same period. Third, we commit to quarterly progress reports showing debt reduction from operating cash flow.
(提案を3つの部分に分けて説明させてください。第一に、レバレッジ・コベナンツを12か月間4.5倍に引き上げることを要請します。第二に、同期間中のDSCR要件を1.25から1.10に引き下げることを提案します。第三に、営業キャッシュフローからの債務削減を示す四半期進捗報告を約束します。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Your proposal is clear, but our credit committee will need strong justification. How confident are you that operating cash flow will improve enough to meet the original covenants after 12 months?
(提案は明確ですが、当行の与信委員会には強力な正当化理由が必要です。12か月後に営業キャッシュフローが十分に改善し、元のコベナンツを満たせると、どの程度確信していますか。)
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
We are highly confident. The acquired company will contribute 8 million USD in annual EBITDA starting next quarter, and we've already reduced operating expenses by 1.2 million USD. Our projections show leverage declining to 3.2 times by month 12.
(非常に確信しています。買収した会社は次四半期から年間800万米ドルのEBITDAを貢献し、すでに営業費用を120万米ドル削減しました。予測では、12か月目までにレバレッジが3.2倍に低下します。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Those numbers are encouraging. However, we'll need to add a higher interest margin during the relief period as compensation for the increased risk. Would a 75 basis point increase be acceptable?
(その数字は心強いです。ただし、リスク増加の補償として、緩和期間中はより高い金利マージンを追加する必要があります。75ベーシスポイントの引き上げは受け入れ可能でしょうか。)
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I understand the need for risk compensation. We can accept a 50 basis point increase for the 12-month period, with the margin returning to the original level once we meet the 3.5 times leverage target. This balances both our interests.
(リスク補償の必要性は理解しています。12か月間の50ベーシスポイントの引き上げは受け入れ可能です。レバレッジが3.5倍の目標を達成した時点で、マージンは元の水準に戻ります。これは双方の利益のバランスを取ります。)

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
That's a reasonable compromise. I'll prepare the covenant amendment proposal with 50 basis points and present it to our credit committee next week. I'll need your detailed financial projections and the acquisition integration plan by Friday to support the request.
(それは妥当な妥協案です。50ベーシスポイントでコベナンツ修正提案を準備し、来週当行の与信委員会に提出します。要請を裏付けるため、金曜日までに詳細な財務予測と買収統合計画が必要です。)
3. Use  (4 min)|ロールプレイ & 実践(空欄補完)

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

Playing the CFO role, you negotiate with bank representatives to modify restrictive financial covenant terms in your loan agreement.
CFO役として、銀行担当者とローン契約の制限的な財務条項を修正するための交渉を行う場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Thank you for meeting with me today. I need to discuss your company's recent financial performance and the covenant compliance under your current credit facility.
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I appreciate your concern. Our leverage ratio increased to 4.2 times due to the acquisition we completed last quarter, and our DSCR dropped to 1.15. I'd like to [要請する] a temporary waiver and [話し合う] covenant relief options.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
I understand the acquisition impact, but 4.2 times leverage exceeds our 3.5 times threshold significantly. What specific relief are you proposing, and what timeline do you expect for improvement?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
Let me [説明する] our proposal in three parts. First, we [要請する] increasing the leverage covenant to 4.5 times for 12 months. Second, we propose reducing the DSCR requirement from 1.25 to 1.10 during the same period. Third, we commit to quarterly progress reports showing debt reduction from operating cash flow.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Your proposal is clear, but our credit committee will need strong justification. How confident are you that operating cash flow will improve enough to meet the original covenants after 12 months?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
We are highly [確信している]. The acquired company will contribute 8 million USD in annual EBITDA starting next quarter, and we've already [削減する]d operating expenses by 1.2 million USD. Our projections show leverage declining to 3.2 times by month 12.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Those numbers are encouraging. However, we'll need to add a higher interest margin during the relief period as compensation for the increased risk. Would a 75 basis point increase be acceptable?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I understand the need for risk compensation. We can [受け入れる] a 50 basis point increase for the 12-month period, with the margin returning to the original level once we meet the 3.5 times leverage target. This balances both our interests.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
That's a reasonable compromise. I'll prepare the covenant amendment proposal with 50 basis points and present it to our credit committee next week. I'll need your detailed financial projections and the acquisition integration plan by Friday to support the request.
4. Challenge (7 min)|応用実践

Let's perform the role-play and fill in the blanks by translating the Japanese into English!
空欄の日本語を英語に訳しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

*Let's practice this part repeatedly until we can speak it smoothly.

  このパートはスムーズにスピーキングできるようになるまで繰り返し練習しましょう。

Situation / シチュエーション(Reference again)

Playing the CFO role, you negotiate with bank representatives to modify restrictive financial covenant terms in your loan agreement.
CFO役として、銀行担当者とローン契約の制限的な財務条項を修正するための交渉を行う場面です。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Thank you for meeting with me today. I need to discuss your company's recent financial performance and the covenant compliance under your current credit facility.
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I appreciate your concern. Our leverage ratio increased to 4.2 times due to the acquisition we completed last quarter, and our DSCR dropped to 1.15. [一時的な免除を要請し、コベナンツ緩和の選択肢について話し合いたいと思います。]

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
I understand the acquisition impact, but 4.2 times leverage exceeds our 3.5 times threshold significantly. What specific relief are you proposing, and what timeline do you expect for improvement?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
[提案を3つの部分に分けて説明させてください。] [第一に、レバレッジ・コベナンツを12か月間4.5倍に引き上げることを要請します。] [第二に、同期間中のDSCR要件を1.25から1.10に引き下げることを提案します。] Third, we commit to quarterly progress reports showing debt reduction from operating cash flow.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Your proposal is clear, but our credit committee will need strong justification. How confident are you that operating cash flow will improve enough to meet the original covenants after 12 months?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
We are highly confident. The acquired company will contribute 8 million USD in annual EBITDA starting next quarter, and we've already reduced operating expenses by 1.2 million USD. Our projections show leverage declining to 3.2 times by month 12.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
Those numbers are encouraging. However, we'll need to add a higher interest margin during the relief period as compensation for the increased risk. Would a 75 basis point increase be acceptable?
🧑‍🎓【Student / CFO】:
I understand the need for risk compensation. We can accept a 50 basis point increase for the 12-month period, with the margin returning to the original level once we meet the 3.5 times leverage target. This balances both our interests.

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
That's a reasonable compromise. I'll prepare the covenant amendment proposal with 50 basis points and present it to our credit committee next week. I'll need your detailed financial projections and the acquisition integration plan by Friday to support the request.
\ If you have some extra capacity, give it a try(余力があればやってみましょう)/
5. Real-world application (5 min)|実務応用

Let's speak freely with the phrases and flow we learned today. If you can, imagine your real job—it makes practice more effective.
本日学習した単語やフレーズ、会話の流れを思い出しながら、自由に話してみましょう。可能であれば、自身の実務を想像しながら話すと効果的です。​

Situation / シチュエーション
Your company's leverage ratio and DSCR have exceeded the bank's covenant thresholds due to a recent acquisition.
You need to negotiate with the bank relationship manager to request temporary covenant relief and discuss acceptable terms.
貴社のレバレッジ比率とDSCRが、最近の買収により銀行のコベナンツ基準を超過しました。
銀行担当者と交渉し、一時的なコベナンツ緩和を要請し、受け入れ可能な条件について話し合う必要があります。

👨‍💼【Teacher / Bank Relationship Manager】:
I've reviewed your recent financial statements, and I'm concerned about the covenant breach. Can you walk me through your plan to address this situation and return to compliance?
(最近の財務諸表を確認しましたが、コベナンツ違反について懸念しています。この状況に対処し、遵守状態に戻る計画を説明していただけますか。)

🧑‍🎓【Student / Your Role】:
(Free Speaking based on today's lesson)

Hints / ヒント
1. Explain the reason for covenant breach
2. Request specific covenant adjustments
3. Provide financial improvement projections
4. Propose acceptable compromise terms
​※This is not a role-play. Please speak until you finish your thoughts.
 このパートはロールプレイ形式ではありません。最後まで通して話してみましょう。
6.  Wrap-up (2 min) |レッスンの振り返り

Let's review today's lesson with your teacher!
今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!

 

6-1 Comments from student

・Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ
・Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

 

6-2 Feedback from teacher

・Good points / 良かった点
・Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント
・What to review / 復習ポイント

 

*6-3 Questions from student (if any)

Japanese translation(日本語訳)

1. Read (2min)(型を学ぶ)|基本フレーズ

2. Try  (4min)(ロールプレイ練習)|型を使った練習
Let’s practice the role-play.
ロールプレイの練習をしましょう!

3. Use  (7min)|応用
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

4. Challenge (7min)|実践
Let’s perform the role-play and filling in the missing English!
英語を補完しながら、ロールプレイを実践してみましょう!

5. Wrap-up (3min) – レッスンの振り返り

"Let’s review today’s lesson with your teacher!”

「今日のレッスンについて講師と振り返ってみましょう!」

5-1.  Comments from Student

  - Good points / 良かったところ・上手くできたところ

  - Things to work on / 今後強化したいところ

5-2.  Feedback from Teacher

  - Good points / 良かった点

  - Things to work on / 今後の強化ポイント

  - What to review / 復習ポイント

5-3. Question from Students (If any)

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